Improvement in the manufacture of ice, and cooling air, liquids



I moniacal gas.

CHARLES TELLIEB, OF PARIS, FRANOE,ASSIGNOR TO LEOPOLD BOUVIER,

OF NEW YORK CITY.

IMPROVEMENT IN THEMANUFACTURE L'JF ICE. AND COOLING AIR, LIQUIDS. 80c.

Specification. forming part of Letters Patent No. 1100,6823 dated March 8, 1870.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OHAs. TELLIER, of Paris, France, chemist, have invented a new and useful Process for the Manufacture of Ice, the Refrigeration of Air, Liquids, 8m; and the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the principle or character which distinguishes it from all other things before known, and of the usual manner of making,

modifying, and using the same. The apparatus used for the purpose has been fully described in the Letters Patent No. 85,719, issued to me, under date January 5, 1869. Other forms of apparatus may be employed; butI prefer that described in the said patent.

The subject-matter of this application is the use or application in said ice or refrigerating apparatus of pure liquefiedammoniacal gas as a succedaneum for methylic ether.

Ammonia, at the usuallyprevailing temperatures, is a gas. Underthe ordinary atmospheric pressure it becomes liquid at 27 Fahrenheit below zero, and at 103 below zero it becomes solid. 7

Ammoniais ordinarily found in commerce in the form of solutions of various strengths known as aqua ammonia, and containing, at most, twenty-five tothirty per cent. of am- I do not use it in this form.

I take the pure gas itself, I liquefy it by means of mechanical compression, and in that form, and under the requisite pressure, I introduce it in my machines. As soon as the machines are put in operation the pressure is removed from the liquefied ammonia, which then, at once and spontaneously, resumes its gaseous form, escapes, and in doing so carries off all the caloric with which it may be brought in contact. These vapors are then again liquefied by mechanical compression, the pump and condenser forming part of my machines being used forthe purpose, and the operation begins anewwith the liquefied gas. 1 Thus it will be seen, in 'the entire process, one single physical phenomenon is made use of, viz., mechanical compression.

requires too great a pressure to keep it liquid;

besides, it combines with water, the congela- ,tion of which in the tubes frequently clogs them. The liquefied ammonia does not require, to keep it in the liquid form, a pressure greater than may be given by pumps as here' tofore constructed. It evaporates spontaneously and rapidly as soon as the pressure is removed, and produces a degree of cold much greater than can be obtained by the evaporation of sulphuric ether or hydrocarbons.

Having now fully set forth and described my'invention, I wish to state thatI do not claim the use in my machines of ammonia in dissolution, or aqua ammonia, as it is better known in commerce; nor do I base, in any manner, the action of my machine or the application to it of ammoniacal gas to the wellknown affinity of that substance for water; but

What I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The use or application, for the purpose of generating artificial cold, of pure ammoniacal gas liquefied by means of mechanical compression, substantially as described.

2. The use or application, for the purpose of liquefying ammoniacal gas, of the pump and condenser, forming part of the machines or apparatus fully described in Letters Patent N 0. 85,719, issued to me January 5, 1869, substantially in the manner and for the purpose above set forth.

CH. TELLIER. [L.S.]

Witnesses:

E. (JAssEY, H. DUFRENE. 

